What is the Sarbanes-Oxley Act? The Sarbanes-Oxely Act (SOX) is the primary federal law governing corporate governance and accountability across multiple aspects of corporate business practice. SOX specifically regulates markets, brokers, dealers, accounting and auditing, on-going government and shareholder disclosure by reporting companies, insider...

What is Bankruptcy Financing? Bankruptcy financing refers to special financing from a lender to a company that is in the process of reorganization under Chapter 11 of the US Bankruptcy code. The lender gives out the money to a firm to help it fund its business operations as it goes through the bankruptcy process and seeks to confirm a plan of debt r...

What is an Exchange Rate? An exchange rate refers to the value of one currency in relation to another currency. It is the rate at which a currency will be exchanged for another currency. In finance, an exchange rate reflects the worth of one currency over others or when compared to the others. Exchange rate is important in international trade and re...

How to Revise a Written Message? Revising a written message focuses on sentence construction, grammar, and structure. Structure includes: Framing - Framing refers to how information is presented, including margins, line justifications, and template expectations. Typefaces - Typeface refers to design of symbols, including letters and numbers. Paragra...

What is the Iceberg of Management Change? The Change Management Iceberg, proposed by Wilfried Krüger, addresses organizational change by examining how managers deal with barriers. According to Krüger, using an iceberg metaphor, explains that many change managers only consider the top of the iceberg: Cost, Quality and Time ("Issue Management"). Howev...

What is an ABA Bank Index? The American Bankers Association (ABA) refers to a banking index that is made up of both the bank firms and the local community banks. The ABA index is mainly a representative of the smaller community banking industry. The index was created in 2003 and has a market capitalization estimate of one hundred and fifty dollars. ...

What Does Trep Mean? Trep is an abbreviation for the word, "Entrepreneur".  A person is a trep if that person is an entrepreneur. The designation "trep" is often used by individuals who work on startup ventures. What Does Trepy Mean? Trepy is an adjective to identify someone who is entrepreneurial or has tendencies or inclinations toward entrepreneu...

Back To: BUSINESS ENTITIES, CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, & OWNERSHIP What is a Promoter? A promoter refers to a person or a company that finances a project or investment activity. Promoters support the cause of an activity, task or project and volunteer to help in raising money for the execution of the activity. In an investment activity, a promoter as...

What is the Nash Equilibrium? The Nash equilibrium is a popular gaming theory that was developed by John Forbes Nash, a mathematician. This theory presents the optimal solution in a game where both players are non-cooperative due to lack of incentive to change their plans or strategy. According to the Nash equilibrium, despite that each player is pe...

What is the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants? Founded in 1887, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) is the non-profit organization of certified public accountants in the country. Initially, called the American Association of Public Accountants, the organization was created to ensure that accountancy was re...