What is a Bearer Form? A bearer form describes a security, financial instrument, or negotiable instrument that has no owner of record. When security such as a bond or share which is payable to its bearer is not registered in the corporations book of the issuing company, it is a bearer form. A bearer form is also used in the context of a negotiable i...

What is the Z-Score? The Z-score  is a statistical measurement of one variables relationship to the mean (average) of a group of values. More specifcally, the Z-score states the number of standard deviations a variable lies from the mean of the group of values.  What Does a Z Score Show? A zero Z-score indicates that the mean of the group and the va...

What is Double Taxation? Double taxation is a term used to define taxing an income twice. In financial terms, double taxation refers to paying two income taxes on the same source of income. It generally occurs in a situation where the earned income is taxed at the corporate level and personal level, i.e. the gains are first taxed at the company and ...

What is an Autonomous Expenditure? Autonomous expenditure simply refers to spending that must be done, regardless of income. It is the minimum spending by an individual or the government when income is at level zero. Why is Autonomous Expenditure Important? An Autonomous expenditure by an individual or government refers to spending in an economy tha...

What is an Active Bond Crowd? Active bond crowd refers to the name given to the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) members and the particular bond trading departments which are recognized as traders who engage in frequent trading of active bonds. How Does an  Active Bond Crowd Work? The active bond crowd on the NYSE creates liquidity and is capable of i...

What is Brand Management? Brand management is the art of creating a brand and ensuring the brand is sustained throughout your business. In marketing, brand management is a functionality that makes use of special techniques which help to improve the value of a product or a service in the market. In other words, brand management is all about making yo...

What is the Rule of Maximizing Utility? When making purchases you should choose the item with the greatest marginal utility per dollar spent (i.e., the most bang for the buck).   For a finite budget (limited funds to expend), and making a choice of the quantity of two goods to purchase, the utility maximizing choice should occur where the marginal u...

What is a Billing Cycle? The billing cycle refers to the time interval from the end date of a billing statement or invoice statement up until the next one for goods or services provided by a company on a constant basis. Most times, billing cycles are set monthly but can differ in length of time depending on the product type or service offered. How d...

What is Imperfect Competition in Labor Markets? There are probably more examples of perfectly competitive labor markets than perfectly competitive product markets, but that doesn’t mean that all labor markets are competitive. When a job applicant is bargaining with an employer for a position, the applicant is often at a disadvantage—needing the job ...