What are appellate court judges or justices? Appellate court judges serve as legal reviewers of trial court decisions. They determine whether the substance and procedure of the trial were Constitutionally adequate or sound. What are the duties of appellate court judges or justices? The duties of an appellate court judge are distinct from those of a ...

How does Good Faith affect fraud? Fraud requires knowing and willful conduct carried out with the intent to defraud someone. As such, good faith in one's actions is a defense to the allegations.  When is Good Faith a Defense to Fraud ? The good faith defense is that the defendant acted in good faith and did not have the necessary intent to defraud a...

What is a Through Bill Of Lading? A through bill of lading is used in the international shipment of goods. It allows the holder of the bill of landing to handle shipment from the point of origin to the final point of destination.  A bill of lading is simply a contract between the person shipping the goods and the carrier or a transporting company us...

What is a Rule 502(d) and Rule 144 Safe Harbor? Rule 502(d) requires that issuers of securities pursuant to an exemption under Regulation D take the following three steps to make certain the shares are not resold during the restricted period: reasonable inquiry to determine if each purchaser is buying the security for himself or for someone else,  w...

What is an Environmental Impact Statement - National Environmental Policy Act? An environmental impact statement is a detailed document that estimates the environmental impact of the proposed action. NEPA requires that an impact statement include the following: environmental impact (direct and indirect; beneficial and detrimental), any adverse envir...

What is Moody's? Moodys is an American credit rating business company that provides practices, solutions, and tools for managing and measuring financial risks. John Moody is the founder of Moodys, and his main aim for starting the corporation in 1909 was to provide statistics of stocks and bond ratings in the market. In 1975, the company received th...

What is a Dutch Auction? A Dutch Auction is an auction process where the auctioneer or seller starts with a high asking price and then lowers it incrementally or in stages until there is a bid for the item (or batch being sold). This is most appropriately referred to as a Simple Dutch Auction. Can you Sell Multiple Items in a Dutch Auction? When the...

What is a Comparable Company Analysis? Comparable company analysis is the process of valuing a company based upon the value of other companies that have similar characteristics. The comparable metrics are generally known as comps. To be comparable companies, the companies must generally be in the same industry and similar in size and operational cap...

What is the Dow Jones Industrial Average? It is the price-weighted average of 30 actively-traded stocks of significant publicly owned US industrial corporations listed on the New York Stock Exchange. The trend in the movement of these stocks market value reflects the trend of the entire US stock market. How Does the Dow Jones Industrial Average Work...

What is an Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma In game theory, a prisoner's dilemma is a situation in a game when two players need to bargain and cooperate to achieve the biggest reward - but they might not do so. When the two players refuse to cooperate, even when it is in their best interest, a prisoner's dilemma occurs. The iterated prisoner's dilemma oc...