What is ownership of Property? Ownership is a concept closely related to property. It is the legally recognized and enforceable rights that a person has to property.  This concept is important because it is possible to possess property and not own it. For example, you find a valuable item on the side of the road and you cannot determine the owner. Y...

What are Economies of Scope? Economies of scope refer to lowering the average cost of goods and services by producing different products simultaneously.  Economies of Scope versus Economies of Scale? Economies of scope is different from economies of scale, where producing larger quantities of products decreases the average cost of production. In the...

How  Teams Affect the Negotiation Process? Presence of at least one team at the bargaining table increases the incidence of integrative agreements Team Effect - In negotiation, the tendency for parties represented by a bargaining team to reach more integrative settlements. Team Efficacy effect - The collective perception held by individuals and/or m...

What is the Crime of Obstruction of Justice? Obstruction of justice is an intentional act carried out with the intent to obstruct the legislative or judicial process. This charge seeks to protect legislative, judicial, and administrative proceedings. Related Topics Criminal Law (Intro) What is Criminal Law? What are the elements of a crime? Classifi...

What is the Stock Market Capitalization-to-GDP Ratio? The stock market capitalization-to-GDP ratio is a ratio that measures the overall value of all publicly traded stock in a market in comparison to the country's gross domestic product (GDP). This ration is otherwise called the Buffett Indicator, it is the stock market cap to the GDP of a country. ...

What is a Zero Basis Risk Swap? A zero basis risk swap (ZEBRA), also called a perfect swap, or actual rate swap, is a swap arrangement between a municipal government and a financial intermediary. Basically, the municipality agrees to receive a floating (variable) interest rate on an identified amount of principal from the intermediary. In exchange, ...

What is Phantom Gain? A phantom gain refers to a situation whereby an investor owes capital gain taxes despite the fact that the investor's general investment portfolio might have depreciated in value. How Does Phantom Gain Work? The most popular instance for an investor to be hit with a phantom gain is when there is a mutual fund investment. Suppos...

What is the Programme Management Maturity Model (PMMM)? The Programme Management Maturity Model (PMMM) provides a mechanism through which an organization or a group within an organization can do the following: It can make an assessment of itself. (In program management terms). It can compare its own maturity with other organizations on a fair basis....

What is a Daily Trading Limit? It is the highest and lowest limit of the price range within which the price of a derivative contract (such as an options or futures contract) is allowed to fluctuate in a trading session. Once the limit is reached that particular derivative cannot be traded on that day for a higher or lower price These limits are impo...

What are the registration requirements under state law? Registration pursuant to federal law focuses on disclosure of information to offerees and purchasers. States adopt this approach, but also may impose a test to make certain the security being issued meets certain quality standards. This is known as a merit review. The merit review examines cert...